William W. Baber
〒604-8805 Kyoto-shi
Nakagyo-ku Mibu Banba-cho 39-10
Tel: 075-811-7981
baber.williamwilmer.7x@kyoto-u.ac.jp
Citizenship: USA; Visa: Japan, permanent resident
Professional Associations: International Negotiation Teaching and Research
Association (INTRA); Spaces of International Economy and Management (SIEM); Academy
of International Business (AIB); Academy of Management (AOM); Japan International
Society for Negotiation;
ORCID: 0000-0001-5941-082X
URLs: https://www.gsm.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/faculty/546
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/William_Baber; https://www.linkedin.com/in/willbaber
PhD, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Cognition Science, Faculty of Information Technology, December, 2016
MA Education, University of Maryland (UMBC), Instructional Systems Design, 2004
BA German,Washington & LeeUniversity,Lexington,Virginia, 1986
10/2009- Associate Professor (准教授 Junkyouju), Kyoto University. Graduate School of Management. Permanent position. Courses: Negotiation, Business Communication, Cross Cultural Communication, Business Innovation and Development.
2022- Global Visiting Professor, Technical University of Munich. School of Management. Project: BMI at Ecosystem Level: A Comparison across Cities and Cultures.
2017- Visiting Professor, NUCB Business School, Nagoya. Course: Strategic Negotiation. Visiting position.
2016, 2018 Lektor, University of Vienna. Course: International Business Negotiation. Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics. Visiting position.
2015-2018 Visiting Lecturer, University of Jyväskylä (Finland). Course: TJTS540 Intercultural Negotiation in IT. Faculty of Information Technology. Visiting position.
05/2011- Academic Coach, Athabasca University (Canada). Center for Innovative Management, Executive MBA. Courses: Operations Management OPMT-505, Negotiation LNCR-565. Part time position.
2008-2011 Tutor, Aalto University (Finland). School of Economics. Tutor of Academic Writing and Management Writing courses. Part time position.
2006-2009 English language lecturer (嘱託教師shokutaku kyoushi), Ritsumeikan University. Active in Department of Economics, Department of Business Administration, and Engineering Department using conventional and computer based (CALL) systems. Full time position.
2005-2007 Business English Instructor, OTC, Inc., Osaka; and Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute (ASTEM), Kyoto. Taught business English and business skills to adult learners in businesses inKyotoand Shiga. Part time position.
1998-2004 English Instructor, English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), Greater Homewood Community Corporation, Baltimore,Maryland,USA. Taught English grammar and conversation to advanced and intermediate adult students including visiting research scientists at theJohnsHopkinsUniversity. Part time volunteer position.
1994-1996 English and German Instructor, Gymnázium J. Seiferta, Prague,Czech Republic. Taught English and German to intermediate and advanced level high-school aged students at this respected private school. Solely responsible for preparing curriculum and materials for last year students for English graduation examination. Full time position.
1993-1994 English Instructor, Základní Škola Španielova B, Prague, Czech Republic Taught adults and children, beginner and intermediate levels, in a team format with other teachers, public elementary school. Full time position.
2021- Auditor, International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Nagoya, Japan. https://iafor.org
2021- Advisory Board member, Two Rabbits
Brewing, Ohmi-Hachiman, Japan
https://www.tworabbitsbrewing.com
2017- Consulting support of Two Rabbits Brewing, Ohmi-Hachiman, Japan during start up from inception through funding to licensing and production. https://www.tworabbitsbrewing.com
2011-2013 Consulting support of Yamamoto Seiko as they developed their internationalization strategy and launched their first overseas office. www.hilltop21.co.jp
2006-2007 Consulting support of international outreach efforts of Advanced Software Technology & Mechatronics Research Institute (ASTEM), and Doshisha University School of Business. Prepared overseas meetings and developed contacts on behalf of the ASTEM team.
1998-2005 Marketing Strategist, Maryland State Department of Business and Economic Development, Baltimore,Maryland,USA. Supported the attraction of new businesses toMarylandin advanced technology sectors. Worked frequently with business decision makers from Europe, Asia and around theUS. Required travel in theUSand abroad. Full time position.
1996-1996 Marketing Staff, Price Waterhouse, Prague,Czech Republic. Coordinated marketing procedures and events with Czech, German, and English speaking coworkers. Work targeted MNCs and SMEs in and newly arriving in theCzech Republic.
1990-1993 Project Manager, ASET Consultants, Arlington,Virginia,USA. Coordinated translation and editing of technical, legal, and business documents into and from English and a variety of European languages. Conducted business research on then-Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary under contract to US Department of Commerce and private enterprises.
Baber, W.W. (2022). Confirming the Impact of Training on Negotiators and Organizations. Negotiation Journal. http://doi.org/10.1111/nejo.12384
Baber, W. W., Yao, C. (2022). Value Co-Creation Mechanisms in a Born Digital Short-form Video Platform: Kuaishou. Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/79965/1/0504.pdf
Khare, A., Ojala, A. Baber, W. W. (2022, in production). Sustainable Business Models in a Digitally Transforming World. Routledge. ISBN 9781032050928; DOI: 10.4324/9781003195986.
- Industry model of video games business in Kyoto (2022). Baber, W. W. & Ojala, A. pp. 161-174. ISBN 9781032050928-12.
Baber, W. W., Ojala, A., Sarata, M., Tsukamoto, M. (2021). Business Model Transformation during Firm Internationalisation: Stretching from Japan to the US Market. In Business Models and Firm Internationalisation, eds. Christian Nielsen, Marin A. Marinov, Svetla T. Marinova. Routledge. ISBN 9781032068756; Ebook ISBN 9781003204268-6.
Baber, W. W., Ojala, A. (2020). Change of International Business Models during Covid-19. In Covid-19 and International Business: Change of Era. (Ed. Marin A Marinov, Svetla T Marinova). Routledge: New York, NY.
Stel, F., Hayashi, Y., Momotani, K., Kusakai, K., de Jong, R. Baber, W.W., Sigurdardottir, A. (2020). Are you a Great Negotiator? Game-Based Learning of 21st Century Negotiation Skills in the Netherlands and Japan. Proceedings, European Conference on Games Based Learning, 2020. Academic Conferences International Limited. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2473444776
Baber, W. W. and Fletcher-Chen, C. (2020). Practical Business Negotiation, 2nd Ed. ISBN: 9780367421724. Routledge (Taylor and Francis): New York, NY. https://www.routledge.com/Practical-Business-Negotiation/Baber-Fletcher-Chen/p/book/9780367421731
Khare, A., Ishikura, H., Baber, W. W. (2020). Transforming Japanese Business:
Rising to the Digital Challenge. Springer: Heidelberg. https://www.springer.com/us/book/9789811503269 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0327-6
Chapters:
-Why Japan’s digital transformation is inevitable. Khare, A., Khare, K., & Baber W. W. pp 3-14; DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0327-6_1
-Business Model Innovation: A Japanese SME driven to full digitalization by corporate philosophy. Baber, W. W., Sarata, M., & Tsukamoto, M. pp 91-104. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0327-6_7
-Digitalization and evolution of business model pathways among Japanese software SMEs. Baber W. W., Ojala, A., & Martinez, R. pp 153-165; DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0327-6_11
Baber, W. W., Ojala, A., Martinez, R. (2019). Effectuation logic in digital business model transformation. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development. 26(6). 811-830. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0139/full/html
Baber, W. W. (2019). Glover the Scotsman in Nagasaki: An industrialization deal in 1868 Japan. In Landmark Negotiations from around the World. (Ed. E. Vivet.) Intersentia: Cambridge, UK. Pp. 219-228. DOI: 10.14989/245552; https://intersentia.com/en/landmark-negotiations-from-around-the-world.html; http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245552
Baber, W. W., Ojala, A., Martinez, R. (2019). Transition to Digital Distribution Platforms and Business Model Evolution. Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Vol. 6. pp. 4997-5006. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/59937
Baber, W. W. (2018). Identifying Macro Phases Across the Negotiation Lifecycle. Group Decision and Negotiation, 27(6), 885-903. DOI: 10.1007/s10726-018-9591-9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10726-018-9591-9
Baber, W. W. (2018). Team Positions in Negotiation. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Group Decision and Negotiation. Jiang, X., Xu, H., He, S., Ke, G. (Eds.) pp 461-468. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Aerospace. Nanjing. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325718959_Team_Positions_in_Negotiation
Baber, W. W. (2018). Crafting Arguments in Academic Writing. Academe. Vol. 1 (1) 30-40.
Grushka-Cockayne, Y., Hoang-Le, T.T., Baber, W.W., and Yemeni, G. (2018). Strategy at Yuhisai Koudoukan: Reading the Tea Leaves. Case #: UVA-S-0303. Darden Business Publishing: Charlottesville, Va.
Baber, W. W., Fletcher-Chen, C. (2018). Intellectual Property Negotiation between Mukashi Games and Pixie. The Case Centre. Reference no. 318-0033-1. https://www.thecasecentre.org/educators/products/view?id=150202
Baber, W. W. (2017). A Lifecycle Macro Phase Model for Negotiation. In Group Decision and Negotiation. A Socio-Technical Perspective. Schoop, Mareike; Kilgour, D. Marc (Eds.) pp. 107-119. Springer, Cham.
Schmid, P. F., Fletcher-Chen, C. Baber, W. W. (2017). Electro Car Merger Negotiation. The Case Centre. Reference no. 317-0215-1. http://www.thecasecentre.org/educators/products/view?id=144675
Baber, W. W. and Ojala, A. (2017). IT Negotiators: What’s your approach? The European Business Review. January/February 2017. https://jyx.jyu.fi/handle/123456789/53255
Baber, W. W. (2016). Looking Inside Japanese-Japanese Intracultural Business Negotiation. Kyoto Economic Review. Vol. 85 (1-2), 104-134.
https://doi.org/10.11179/ker.85.104
Baber, W. W., & Ojala, A. (2016). Schemata, Acculturation, and Cognition: Expatriates in Japan's Software Industry. In APSEC 2016: Proceedings 23rd Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference. IEEE Computer Society Press. https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/handle/123456789/52208
Baber, W.W. (2016). Dissertation: Acculturation of Foreign IT Workers in Japan from a Cognitive and Business Management Viewpoint.
Baber, W. W. (2016). Course Level Gamification for Higher Education TEFL in Japan. Agon. Vol. 3 (7) 188-209.
Baber, W. W. and Ojala, A. (2015). Cognitive Negotiation Schemata in the IT Industries of Japan and Finland. Journal of International Technology and Information Management (JITIM). Vol 24 (3). 87-104. http://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim/vol24/iss3/6/
Baber, W. W. and Fletcher-Chen, C. (2015). Practical Business Negotiation. ISBN: 978-1-13-878147-4. Routledge (Taylor and Francis): New York, NY. https://www.routledge.com/Practical-Business-Negotiation-1st-Edition/Baber-Fletcher-Chen/p/book/9781315714073
Baber, W. (2015). Success of Japan-based North American managers. In Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers Annual Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers, Spring 2015 (p. 100143). The Association of Japanese Geographers. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajg/2015s/0/2015s_100143/_pdf
Baber, W. W. (2015). Cognitive Change among Foreign Managers in Japan's IT Sector. The IAFOR Academic Review. Vol. 1, 1 pp. 39-47 ISSN 2188-9570
Baber, W. W. (2014). Negotiation Practices in Japan: An update on the Bubble Era. The Asian Conference on Business and Public Policy 2014, Conference Proceedings 2014. ISSN: 2186-5914. Pp. 87-106. IAFOR: Nagoya
Schlunze, R.D.; Ji, W.W.; and Baber, W. W. (2014). Preferences and Intercultural Networking for Globalizing Practices of Successful Leaders in the Intercultural Workplace. In Asian Inward and Outward FDI – New Challenges in the Global Economy. (Eds. Claes G. Alvstam, Harald Dolles and Patrik Ström.), ISBN 978–1–137–31220–4, pp. 115-136. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Schlunze, R., Agla, N., Baber, W. (2012). Spaces of International Economy and Management: Launching new perspectives on management and geography. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Baber, W. W. (2012). Adjusting to a Distant Space: Cultural adjustment and interculturally fluent support. In Spaces of International Economy and Management: Launching new perspectives on management and geography. (Eds. R. Schlunze, N. Agola and W. Baber.) pp. 254-270. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan
Silver,
R., Ito, S., and Baber, W. W. (2010). Points for behavior: The teacher in the mirror.
(授業態度と点数―鏡に映る教員の姿). In A. Stoke (Ed.), JALT 2009 Conference Proceedings. Pp.
392-406. Tokyo: JALT. Available on-line: http://jalt-publications.org/proceedings/articles/84-jalt2009-proceedings-contents
Baber, W. W. (2009). I can do Canada: SCL and student autonomy. In A. Stoke (Ed.), JALT2008 Conference Proceedings. Tokyo: JALT. Pp. 572-583. Available on-line: http://jalt-publications.org/proceedings/articles/112-pac7-jalt2008-proceedings-contents-listing
Baber, W. W. (2009). A Japan appropriate teaching model for adult learners. In PAAL (Ed.) Proceedings of the 14th conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics. Tokyo: Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics.
Silver, R.; Ito, S.; Baber, W. W. (2009). A qualitative look at Japanese and native speaker teachers’ views on the university EFL classroom (日本人およびネイティヴ・スピーカー教員の目に映る大学EFL教室). In PAAL (Ed.) Proceedings of the 14th conference of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics. Tokyo: Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Linguistics.
Baber, W. W.; Cripps, T. (2008). English Learner Motivation at Ritsumeikan University: Gender differences (立命館大学歴者における英語学習の動機: 男女差はあるのか). Ritsumeikan Economics Review, Vol. 57, 1.
Baber, W. W.; Iguchi, C. (2007). Database of Research Facilities in Maryland, USA: Implications for Economic Development in Kansai. Ritsumeikan Business Review, Vol. 46. #3.
Baber, W. W. (2002 and 2004). Academic, Federal, and Private Research Centers in Maryland. Published by Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development.
Ahmadi, M.; Baber, W. W. (1999). The Economic Importance of Call Centers in Maryland. Published by Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development.
Baber, W. W.; Cripps, T. CW3 Writing and Presentation Workshop Material. Textbook for Ritsumeikan Communication and Writing 3 course, 2007 to 2010.
Baber, W. W.; Coomber, M.; Cripps, T.; Silver, R. CW4 Academic Writing and Presentations. Textbook for Ritsumeikan Communication and Writing 3 course, 2007 to 2010.
Baber, W. W. UBC-JP Preparatory Course Reading, and UBC-JP Preparatory Course Writing Textbooks for Ritsumeikan UBC-JP Study Abroad program 2009.
Replaying Japan 2021. August, 2021. University of Alberta. Edmonton, Canada and online. https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1TlfHfXwNDecSGUdWU-X8vJoLkp2C1uUP
The impact of negotiation training: for-credit university courses and the actions of negotiators. April, 2021. International Negotiation Teaching and Research Association (INTRA). Aarhus/Online.
Panel speaker: The Great Covid Redesign. EIBA 2020, University of Vienna/Online. https://www.eiba.online
Guidance from Corporate Philosophy, (Baber, W., Sarata, M.); Finding New Business Models for Japanese Manufacturing SMEs, (Sarata, M., Baber, W.) Nov, 2020. ACBPP IAFOR, 2020, Tokyo/Online.
Impact of Training on Negotiators. October, 2020. JISN Negotiation Research Workshop, 2020. Kyoto/Online.
Mechanisms of Negotiation Failure. April, 2020. International Negotiation Teaching and Research Association (INTRA). Barcelona/Online.
Digitalization and evolution of business model pathways. February, 2020. Conference on Transformation of Global and Japanese Business in Digital Age. Kyoto University, Japan.
https://sites.google.com/site/anshumankhare/symposiums-seminars/kyoto-2020-conference-on-dx
Key Factors in Business Model Innovation at the Frontier. February, 2020. 2nd Nordic Invitational Workshop on Digital Foundations of Business, Operations, and Strategy (DBOS’20), Aalto University, Finland. https://www.aalto.fi/en/department-of-industrial-engineering-and-management/program-for-the-2nd-nordic-workshop-on-digital
Invited keynote speaker, Workshop on Digitalization in Economics and Management, January 2020. Technische Universität München. Title: “Digitalization in Japan.” Heilbronn, Germany. https://www.cm.wi.tum.de/fileadmin/w00bkf/www/05_News/Call_for_Paper_Workshop_Heilbronn.pdf
Mindsets around negotiation. November 2019, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland. Organizer: Dr. J. Bragge.
Japan: Business environment and business negotiation. November 2019, University of Jyväskylä, EMBA Program. Helsinki, Finland.
Japan: Business negotiation. November 2019, Heidelberg University, Germany. Organizer: Dr. Harald Fuess.
How we negotiate in business – Our mindsets and actions. October 2019, University of Oulu, Finland. Organizer: Dr. M. Muhos.
Business and Negotiation in Japan. October 2019, EM Lyon, Lyon, France.
Negotiation in Software Business: Failure, Teams, & Mindsets. October 2019, Technical University of Munich. Munich, Germany.
Negotiator Thought Patterns: Cognitive Schemata. March, 2019. International
Negotiation Research and Teaching Association (INTRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto. Transcripts: https://mgmt.au.dk/fileadmin/Business_Administration/INTRA/INTRA_2019_transcripts.pdf
Japanese Business in the Digital Age. Schemata in Negotiation. December, 2018. International Committee, The Japan Society for Research Policy & Innovation Management, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo.
What do they have in mind? Cognitive schemata in negotiation. December, 2018. Keynote Speaker. Japan International Society for Negotiation - 日本交渉学会 (jisn.jp) Kansai Conference, Osaka.
Mindsets: Negotiation Thinking. September, 2018. Business and Organization Research Conference, Safranbolu, Turkey. Participated by remote link.
Team Positions in Negotiation. June, 2018. Group Decision and Negotiation Conference, Nanjing.
What you See and What you do in Business Negotiations. May, 2018. Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 2018, Kobe.
Invited Speaker: International Negotiation Forum, 2017, The Macro Phase Process of Business Negotiation. Baber, W. W. Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
Schemata, Acculturation, and Cognition: Expatriates in Japan's Software Industry. December, 2016. APSEC 2016, Hamilton New Zealand. Baber, W. W., & Ojala, A.
“Kizuna” Marketing Methodology on Customer Cognitive Behavior. August, 2016, Nishimoto, H., Sarata, M., Baber, W., Kosaka, Y., GRSME, Chicago.
Polishing Innovative Design Sense by Culture Experience of Tea Ceremony. August, 2016, Nishimoto, H., Okuda, M., Baber, W. Sarata, M., GRSME, Chicago.
North American managers in Japan: Location, time, and cognition, October 2015. “Congress of German Geographers (DKG).” Baber, W. W. Humboldt University, Berlin.
Japan-based North American Managers: Global places of negotiation for cultural synergy. March 2015. “日本地理学会春季学術大会Association of Japanese Geographers Spring Study Meeting.” Baber, W. W. Nihon University, Tokyo.
Baber, W. (2015). Success of Japan-based North American managers. In Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers Annual Meeting of the Association of Japanese Geographers, Spring 2015 (p. 100143). The Association of Japanese Geographers. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ajg/2015s/0/2015s_100143/_pdf
Negotiation Practices in Japan: An update on the Bubble Era. November 2014. “Asian Conference on Business & Public Policy 2014.” Baber, W. W. Osaka.
Cognitive Change and Intercultural Competence: Inputs to Success. July 2014. “International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP).” Baber, W. W. and Schlunze, R.D. Paris.
Cognitive Change among Foreign Managers in Japan's IT Sector. March 2014. “The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences.” Baber, W. W. Osaka.
Co-leadership in Corporate Governance, September 2013. “Japan Forum of Business and Society (JFBS).” Baber, W. W.; Schlunze, R.D.; and Ji, W.W. Doshisha University, Kyoto.
Cognitive Approaches to Cross Cultural Problem Solving among Taiwanese IT Managers, June 2013. “International Management Development Association (IMDA)”. Baber, W. W. Taiwan.
Asian Business and Management Conference, November 2012. “New Concepts and Strategy for Advanced Leadership in Asia.” Schlunze, R.D.; Baber, W. W.; and Ji, W.W.
Asian Business and Management Conference, November 2011. “The World Comes to Japan.” Baber, W. W. Osaka.
Asian Business and Management Conference, October 2010. “On the Hybrid Manager Track: Cross Cultural Managers in Japan.” Baber, W. W.
SIEM2010
International Symposium, March 2010. “Adjusting to a Distant Space: Cultural
adjustment and interculturally fluent support” Baber, W. W.
http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/eng/html/news/article.html/?param=18
JALT 2009, Shizuoka, November 2009. “Your Students as Cultural Informants” Baber, W. W.
JALT 2009, Shizuoka, November 2009. “Points for behavior: The teacher in the mirror” Silver, R. Ito, S. and Baber, W. W.
PAAL 2009, Kyoto, August 2009. “A Japan Appropriate Teaching Model for Adult Learners” Baber, W. W.
PAAL 2009, Kyoto, August 2009. “A Qualitative Look at Japanese and Native Speaker Teachers’ Views on the University EFL Classroom” Silver, R.; Ito, S.; Baber, W. W.
JALT 2008/PAC 7, Tokyo, November 2008. “I Can Do Canada!” Student Autonomy and Preparation for Study Abroad” Baber, W. W.
WorldCALL, Fukuoka, August 2008. “Integrating Internet Skills into a Science-based ESP Curriculum” Shawback, M.; Baber, W. W.; Hail, E.; and Hosbach, J.
JISN Negotiation Research Workshop, 2020. Kyoto University/Online. http://jisn.jp Co-Host with Higashikawa, JISN. Eight speakers and about 40 audience members. October 16, 2020.
Conference on Transformation of Global and Japanese Business in Digital Age. Kyoto University, Japan. About 10 speakers and 30 audience members. February 28, 2020
The Negotiation Challenge 2019. Kyoto University. Co-Host with The GAP Partnership. About 130 students plus about 20 professors and professionals. March 30-31, 2019.
International Negotiation Teaching and Research Association (INTRA) 2019. Kyoto University. Twelve speakers and related events. March 29, 2019.
Tokyo FinTech Meetup #93, September 23, 2020; Transforming Japanese Business
ULR: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPrcIjsAJFU&feature=youtu.be and https://open.spotify.com/episode/1jQGBJq0OrbmqZEGQepLFU
Tokyo FinTech Podcast #46, July 8, 2020; Japan’s Digital Transformation and Covid-19. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/tokyo-fintech-podcast/id1497776730
Advertising Week, Asia. May 30th, 2019, Tokyo; Connecting the Dots: Lessons in Brand Building. https://bit.ly/2KoDO1l
American Chamber of Commerce in Japan, Kansai Chapter. January 20th, 2015, Osaka. How Expatriates Create Synergy in Management Situations.
English, native
German, near native
Czech, professional work fluency, State Examination 1997
Japanese, intermediate